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1. [verwijderd] 21 oktober 2006 00:34

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   Bulls Encouraged by... Ferrets?
   Posted 12:56 PM
   The second-biggest winner on the Nasdaq at last check was Vical (VICL: sentiment, chart, options), which is up almost 13 percent at $6.04. The company announced that its lead bird-flu vaccine protected ferrets from a lethal dose of the H5N1 virus. The stock gapped higher this morning to hit the most elevated levels we have seen since mid-June, and volume was hefty.
   
   Zacks lists just three brokerages that rate the stock. One has it at a "buy" but the other two keep it at a cautious "hold," leaving room for upgrades and fresh coverage. However, I notice that sentiment in the options pits is very positive, warning that sideline money might be scarce. The Schaeffer's put/call open interest ratio (SOIR) for VICL is just 0.11, indicating that calls are about nine time more popular than puts in the front three months of options.
   
   -Posted by Ed Stenson (SCHAEFFER'S)
   
   -------------
   Hierbij vergeleken moet Crucell opspringen als een kangeroe! Een goed promo-beleid ..dat wel!
   
   een eveneens achterdochtige.. Janh
   
   
2. [verwijderd] 22 oktober 2006 05:04

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   wilb52
   op deze wijze zou Crucell , wel meerder malen 15% kunnen stijgen met dergelijke berichten.
   sammie
   
   Tja,ik zou zeggen,meteen doen,want dan wordt het buiten de fluctuaties van Crucell ook nog interessanter, KT deals scherper af te stellen,en daardoor nog meer profit te maken ,dan er al is,kortom,doe vooral zoals Vocal,nou we zullen zien,.......even onder ons,ik hou een flink aantal stady,the basic, het speeldeeltje brengt tot nu toe veel op!!!
   
   MVG RB
   
   
3. [verwijderd] 23 oktober 2006 19:29

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   CDC suspends flu vaccines from French supplier (updated 12:24 a.m.)
   2006/10/24
   The China Post staff
   
   The Center for Disease Control (CDC) ordered yesterday an immediate temporary suspension to the use of a flu vaccine manufactured by a French company following reports that four Israelis died soon after receiving the vaccine shots.
   Deputy Director-General Chou Chih-hau of the CDC under the Department of Health (DOH) said the center instructed all government hospitals and clinics to stop giving vaccines supplied by Sanofi-Aventis of France, although there have been no local reports of any serious side effects of the product in Taiwan.
   Lin Ting, another deputy CDC chief, said private clinics were also alerted through local media, including TV and radio stations.
   www.chinapost.com.tw/i_latestdetail.a...
   ********************************
   Israel resumes flu vaccinations - health minister
   23 Oct 2006 16:21:43 GMT
   Source: Reuters
   
   JERUSALEM, Oct 23 (Reuters) - Israel resumed flu vaccinations on Monday after the Health Ministry determined that the deaths of four men who had been inoculated in the past week were not linked to the vaccine.
   "Vaccinations will start (again) this evening," Health Minister Yaacov Ben-Yizri said, before himself receiving an inoculation live on television to demonstrate its safety.
   www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L23...
   **********************
   
   Vaccine Manufacturer Sending a Team of Experts to Israel
   17:40 Oct 23, '06 / 1 Cheshvan 5767
   
   
   (IsraelNN.com) The French manufacturer of the flu vaccine used in Israel, Sanofi-Aventis, is sending a four-man team of experts to get a first-hand look at the situation in Israel. They will be investigating the reports of four deaths during an eight-day period, all recipients of the vaccine.
   
   A company spokesman stated that the vaccine used underwent a number of safety inspections; both in France and in Israel, adding over 140,000 people in Israel received the same vaccine without incident.
   
   www.israelnn.com/news.php3?id=114082
   ***********************
   Novartis:
   Flu vaccine recalled; effect on shots in Alabama uncertain
   Saturday, October 21, 2006
   By BILL FINCHEnvironment Editor
   Novartis, one of the country's primary sources of flu vaccine, is recalling all of its shipped flu vaccine after finding evidence that some of it was mishandled by a distributor, a national health organization announced Friday.
   According to a statement from the National Association of County and City Health Officials, the recall will affect about 500,000 doses, or 5 percent of the flu vaccine shipments ordered by the federal Centers for Disease Control. The statement, sent to health officials, also recommends that people who've already had injections of the Novartis vaccine may need to consider re-vaccination.
   
   The manufacturer of Fluvirin -- now called Novartis, but formerly operating under the name Chiron -- had problems with quality control in October of 2004, ultimately resulting in the loss of half the nation's flu vaccine supply that year, according to news accounts.
   
   www.al.com/news/mobileregister/index....
   *************************
   Uit het verleden:
   In April, FDA inspected Sanofi Pasteur Inc.’s Swiftwater, Pa., site and documented significant deviations from current good manufacturing practices in the manufacture of licensed biological products and Fluzone flu vaccine.
   Among the deviations observed during the inspection were the failure to keep separate equipment and supplies that could be exposed to any potentially pathogenic agent from equipment and supplies used in the manufacture of products to the extent necessary to prevent cross-contamination. FDA found the Fluzone production floor, which connects directly to the sterile gowning suite used for sterile processing and to the equipment air lock for passing equipment in and out of the sterile filtration room, did not provide for adequate segregation of early production materials from materials used in sterile processing.
   In addition, Sanofi Pasteur (sanofipasteur
   .us) failed to establish a system for maintaining equipment to control aseptic conditions, to follow appropriate written procedures to prevent microbial contamination of drug products purporting to be sterile, and to ensure that errors are investigated by the quality-control unit. The company failed to follow appropriate written procedures designed to prevent microbial contamination of drug products purporting to be sterile.
   FDA additionally found that the company did not establish the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of test methods; 11 analytical methods had not been validated or qualified since Sanofi Pasteur’s 2001 commitment to validate or qualify all test methods. The company also failed to report any event and relevant information associated with the manufacturing of a licensed biological product that represents a deviation from current good manufacturing practice, applicable regulation, applicable standards, or established specifications that may affect the safety, purity, or potency of a distributed biological product.
   
   ***********************
   En nog even plakken:
   www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...
   www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...
4. [verwijderd] 23 oktober 2006 20:35

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   Immediate and sustained action required to sharply increase pandemic influenza vaccine supply
   
   23 OCTOBER 2006 | GENEVA -- A set of activities identified in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) new Global pandemic influenza action plan to increase vaccine supply requires immediate and sustained action and funding, if the world is to be prepared for an influenza pandemic to which there would be almost universal susceptibility.
   
   Related links
   :: The Global pandemic influenza action plan to increase vaccine supply
   
   :: Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals
   "We are presently several billion doses short of the amount of pandemic influenza vaccine we would need to protect the global population. This situation could lead to a public health crisis," said Dr Marie-Paule Kieny, Director, WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research. "The Global Action Plan sets the course for what needs to be done, starting now, to increase vaccine production capacity and close the gap. In just three to five years we could begin to see results that could save many lives in case of a pandemic."
   The Global Action Plan is the product of the advice of more than 120 scientific experts from national immunization programmes, national regulatory authorities, scientists and vaccine manufacturers in both industrialized and developing countries.
   It identifies and prioritizes practical solutions for reducing the potential pandemic influenza vaccine supply gap; these are contained in eight strategies with activities for the short (tangible results in less than five years), medium (five to ten years) and long (more than ten years) terms. Activities need to be undertaken simultaneously.
   "Immunization is a critical control strategy for limiting the impact of an influenza pandemic. Immediate, collaborative action to increase vaccine supply could have a massive payoff," said Dr David L. Heymann, acting Assistant Director-General, Communicable Diseases, WHO. "In addition, continued participation of countries in the timely sharing of their influenza viruses and sequence data is vital to support global vaccination efforts," he added.
   The three main approaches to closing the vaccine supply gap are identified in the Global Action Plan as:
   an increase in seasonal influenza vaccine use to provide protection against seasonal influenza and at the same time use the increased demand to stimulate industry to produce more;
   an increase in production capacity through measures such as improving vaccine production yields and building new plants; and
   further research and development to:
   design more potent and effective vaccines that would induce protection after one dose and/or broad spectrum and long-lasting immunity, and
   produce vaccines more efficiently and quickly.
   Relying on market-driven forces alone, it is estimated that by 2008-2009 the production of pandemic influenza vaccine will not exceed 2.34 billion doses per year. At present, the production capacity for seasonal influenza vaccine stands at 350 million doses. Such quantities fall far short of the expected demand for vaccine during an influenza pandemic when there will likely be calls to vaccinate the entire 6.7 billion world population. The anticipated shortage is, in particular, due to the expectation that a two-dose course of vaccine will be needed to protect each person.
   New technologies will play an important role in developing the best possible pandemic influenza vaccine. The ideal vaccine would be safe and highly protective in all target groups (including infants, the elderly, etc.) for at least one year with only a single dose. It would require just a small amount of virus antigen and could be stored without refrigeration. Finally, the vaccine would be easily and inexpensively produced on a large scale.
   Implementation of the Global Action Plan requires the sustained, joint efforts of countries, industry and the global health community and will require substantial funding. Capital investment for the establishment of new production facilities, alone, is estimated at US$ 1.00 per dose. Investments made in relation to the Global Action Plan will substantially benefit the production and utilization of vaccines for seasonal influenza, which results, on an annual basis, in an estimated 3-5 million cases of severe illness and 250 000 to 500 000 deaths worldwide.
   Dr Peter Salama, Chief, Child Survival and Immunization Unit, UNICEF, said: “Our agency is pleased to support the Global Action Plan. We are working with WHO to make sure that developing countries have the capacity to effectively and rapidly use the pandemic vaccine when it becomes available, so that the most vulnerable children and their families can be protected.”
   Assistance to developing countries is critical. In particular, they will need help to assess the impact of influenza on their populations; and to develop and implement seasonal influenza vaccination programmes including the purchase of seasonal influenza vaccine which currently costs approximately US$ 3.00-7.00 per dose.
   Today, the United States announced a US$ 10 million contribution to WHO to support influenza vaccine development and manufacturing infrastructure in other countries.
   Leveraging its experience with domestic vaccine production, Canada is also supporting the Global Action Plan. “Canada has placed a high priority on its own capacity to manufacture a pandemic influenza vaccine but we can’t just focus on our needs. The global community has a responsibility to work together to narrow the supply gap,” said Canada’s Health Minister, Tony Clement.
   For further information, please contact:
   
   Melinda Henry
   WHO Department of Immunization
   Vaccines and Biologicals
   Telephone: +41 22 791 2535
   Mobile: +41 79 477 1738
   E-mail: henrym@who.int
   
   Dick Thompson, Team Leader
   WHO Pandemic and Outbreak Communications
   Telephone: +41 22 791 2684
   E-mail: thompsond@who.int
   www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases...
   
   
5. gogogoo 23 oktober 2006 22:10

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   Immediate and sustained action required to sharply increase pandemic influenza vaccine supply
   
   23 OCTOBER 2006 | GENEVA -- ...
   
   

   In conclusion, the participants identified a number of strategies to bridge the anticipated gap between vaccine demand and supply in the event of a pandemic.
   Importantly, none of the strategies will be able to fill the gap in the immediate short term but, if action is taken now, should bear fruit within a future time frame of three to five years. Implementation of the Global Vaccine Action Plan will require substantial funding – preliminary estimates indicate from 3–10 billion US dollars. All stakeholders have important but different and complementary roles to play. Countries that decide to increase coverage with seasonal influenza vaccines will contribute to a sustained augmentation of manufacturing capacity. The international community will be required to shoulder some of the financial burden of:
   a) improving seasonal influenza vaccine coverage in resource-constrained countries, and
   b) establishing vaccine production-capacity. This can be done by means of direct investment or technology transfer in developing or middle-income countries. The private sector will also be required to invest in expanding its manufacturing capacities and developing new production technologies.
   International organizations, including the World Health Organization, need to take an active role in coordinating and streamlining many of the planned activities. An effective partnership and a commitment to sustaining the effort over 5–10 years are indispensable. Action must start now – this fact cannot be emphasized strongly enough – action must start now if the world is to prepare itself in the shortest possible time for a potential influenza pandemic.
   
   www.who.int/csr/resources/publication...
6. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 07:39

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   U.N.: Avian flu death toll still rising
   UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 23 (UPI) -- The United Nations says the number of people around the world dying from avian flu continues to rise monthly.
   David Nabarro, a senior U.N. health coordinator, Monday told reporters at U.N. World Headquarters in New York that more than 30 countries this year -- the highest in the organization's history -- had reported outbreaks of the disease, with more than 200 deaths since 2003.
   Nabarro said this is a critical period which requires vigilance on the part of the United States and the rest of the Americas, considering the huge poultry density.
   The virus, also known as H5N1, is not prevalent in the United States but could be if one bird becomes infected and spreads the disease to others, he said, adding that Indonesia continues to pose the greatest threat worldwide.
   Other countries already affected by the virus range from China and Vietnam to Nigeria and Cameroon, Nabarro said.
   He commended efforts made by countries to stem the spread of the virus and expressed satisfaction at fast-track responses to past outbreaks.
   Africa also poses a major challenge to curbing the disease, he said, as recurring political and economic instability and lack of funding hamstring progress.
   www.upi.com/InternationalIntelligence...
7. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 13:15

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   Bird flu falls off media radar as cases mount
   Disease more deadly this year than in 2005; vaccine advancements promising but uncertain
   By Tony Pugh
   MCCLATCHY WASHINGTON BUREAU
   WASHINGTON - Less than a year ago, Americans could barely turn on the television, surf the Internet or pick up a newspaper without finding a doomsday story about deadly avian flu.
   
   By last November, President Bush had asked Congress for $7.1 billion to help develop a vaccine, stockpile antiviral medications and fund state preparations for a possible pandemic.
   
   Now, with the disease still centered in Asia and the failure of migratory birds to spread the illness to Europe and North America, the H5N1 virus has dropped out of the media spotlight.
   
   The dearth of coverage has prompted some to think that the threat of a pandemic has passed.
   
   Nothing could be further from the truth, however.
   
   So far this year, a person has died from the disease roughly every four days, compared with about once every nine days last year, according to data from the World Health Organization.
   
   Of the 108 confirmed human cases of bird flu so far this year, 73 have been fatal. That number is up from 97 cases and 42 deaths in all of last year.
   
   "We're as worried now as we ever have been," said Michael Osterholm, the director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy at the University of Minnesota.
   
   Avian flu currently is transmitted mainly from animal to animal, mostly among birds. People can contract the disease after contact with infected animals and -- in isolated cases -- infected humans.
   
   The fact that the virus hasn't made its way to U.S. soil is of little comfort to Americans, because it could mutate into a form that spreads easily from person to person, making geographic borders meaningless.
   
   Most bird flu deaths are clustered in Asia, where billions of wild birds, domestic birds and humans live in close contact, increasing the chances of infection.
   
   Indonesia, which is fighting an epidemic of avian flu in poultry, is the world's hot spot for the illness. Three deaths as of Thursday upped the nation's number of confirmed human cases so far this year to 53, with 43 deaths.
   
   Earlier this month, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations announced that tests on infected Indonesian poultry found that the virus wasn't mutating toward a more lethal strain.
   
   However, there have been isolated instances of person-to-person transmission in Indonesia. "But not in an explosive way," said Bruce Gellin, the director of the national vaccine program at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   
   "Still, every one of these cases have to be investigated because you're never sure if this is the one where the virus has changed enough to become readily transmissible among humans," Gellin said.
   
   Health officials were surprised when flocks of migratory birds that had flown south to Africa and then back to Europe last spring didn't carry the H5N1 virus as expected.
   
   Birds that wintered in Asia and flew to Alaska last summer to breed didn't carry the virus either. International bird monitors also found no widespread deaths from the virus among migratory birds.
   
   Many experts now think wild migratory birds are only bit players in the spread of the disease.
   
   More likely culprits are humans who clean, feed and house infected domestic birds and those who prepare infected birds and transport them to commercial markets, said Rick Kearney, wildlife program coordinator with the U.S. Geological Survey.
   
   "Migratory birds may contract the disease and continue in their migration, but they clearly don't play a major or single role in spreading the disease," Kearney said.
   
   When birds or other animals in the U.S. are suspected of carrying the deadly virus, trace samples are sent for final confirmation to the National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa. The facility has found no traces of the deadly H5N1 virus so far.
   
   Six companies are researching a cell-based flu vaccine that could be made available to everyone in the U.S. within six months of a flu outbreak. Each company is planning a U.S. production facility, but construction is years away.
   
   Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, is optimistic that the pace of vaccine science has picked up in the last year.
   
   He's particularly heartened by recent data from several studies indicating that vaccinations against one subtype of H5N1 might provide protection against other subtypes.
   
   "That has caught my attention," Fauci said. "Just looking at the baseline lab data, you wouldn't have guessed that."
   
   He cited new research by the University of Rochester's John Treanor, who presented his findings Oct. 13 in Toronto at a meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
   
   Treanor and his colleagues studied people who had received two vaccinations against the Hong Kong strain of the H5N1 virus in 1998. Each was vaccinated again this year with a booster shot to fight the strain found in Vietnam. A second test group only received shots for the Vietnam strain in 2005.
   
   Researchers found that more people who'd gotten shots in 1998 and 2006 developed antibodies to fight the Vietnam strain than those in the second test group.
   
   "We need more data, but the concept is rather encouraging because if you give pre-vaccinations with one subtype you actually prepare much better for a vaccination or an exposure to a different subtype," Fauci said.
   
   Health officials also hope to have 26 million courses of the antivirals Tamiflu and Relenza by year's end, and 81 million courses -- enough to treat more than 25 percent of the U.S. population -- by the end of 2008.
   
   Antivirals lessen the effects of the flu. Viruses eventually can develop resistance to widely used antivirals, and that's already occurred in isolated instances with Tamiflu.
   
   Gellin said it was unclear whether the development was clinically significant, but he added, "It does raise the issue of the need to look at other antiviral candidates."
   
   HHS will issue $200 million in contracts to develop more antivirals. The agency is evaluating proposals, Gellin said.
   
   
8. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 13:36

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9. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 13:49

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   WHO Global Pandemic Influenza Action Plan To Increase Vaccine Supply
   Main Category: Bird Flu / Avian Flu News
   Article Date: 24 Oct 2006 - 0:00am (PDT)
   | email this article | printer friendly | view or write opinions | Article Also Appears In
   Immune System / Vaccines
   
   
   
   
   The World Health Organization (WHO) has taken a significant step forward in the global effort to prepare for an influenza pandemic by publishing the Global Pandemic Influenza Action Plan to Increase Vaccine Supply. In developing this plan through a consensus of the world's experts in influenza, immunization, vaccine research, and manufacturing, the WHO has set the world's sights on the decisive path forward to increase the global capacity to produce pandemic influenza vaccine.
   
   In the past year, the H5N1 strain of avian flu has spread to more than 40 additional countries and has led to the deaths of hundreds of millions of additional birds, which has heightened concern about the possibility of a human flu pandemic. Furthermore, the number of avian flu cases in humans has more than doubled to more than 250 cases in 10 countries. Tragically, more than half of those persons infected have died. To date, H5N1 avian influenza has remained primarily an animal disease, but should the virus acquire the ability for sustained transmission among humans, the potential for an influenza pandemic would have grave consequences for global public health.
   
   Equally alarming is the fact that the global influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity of 350 million doses of vaccine per year is far short of the manufacturing capacity needed to protect the world's 6 billion people. The WHO action plan provides direction for increasing capacity for production of human influenza pandemic vaccines to reduce the anticipated gap between the potential vaccine demand and supply during an influenza pandemic.
   
   In the United States, we have been making significant investments in vaccine research and in expanding production capacity, including $1 billion in cell-based vaccine research efforts. These investments will likely benefit not only citizens of the United States, but also citizens of the world. But responding to a pandemic will demand the cooperation of the world community. No nation can go it alone. If a country is to protect its own people, it must work together with other nations to protect the people of the world. In that spirit, the United States has provided $10 million to the WHO to support influenza vaccine development and manufacturing infrastructure by institutions in other countries as they develop sustainable programs for vaccines to prevent avian H5N1 or other novel influenza viruses in humans.
   
   I commend the WHO for its continued leadership in guiding the global effort to prepare for and respond to a potential human influenza pandemic. It is our collective global resources and cooperation that will make our pandemic preparedness efforts a success and that will position us as a global community to be better prepared tomorrow than we are today.
   
   U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
   www.hhs.gov
   
   < back
10. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 14:19

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    Opinion & analysis
    Russia tests bird flu vaccine
    15:13 | 24/ 10/ 2006
    
    
    
    MOSCOW. (RIA Novosti commentator Tatyana Sinitsyna) - Clinical tests of a bird flu vaccine, developed by the Russian Health Ministry's state-owned Science and Production Association Mikrogen in conjunction with the Academy of Medical Sciences, have been conducted in the last three months.
    
    The tests involved 240 healthy volunteers, separated into two groups numbering 120 men and women each. All of them received insurance policies and benefits in line with international standards.
    
    Mikrogen general director Dr. Anton Katlinsky said the tests had produced encouraging results. "We used the World Health Organization's recommendations in our work, as well as our own unique methods and patented technologies," Professor Katlinsky said.
    
    Dr. Vitaly Zverev, director of the Mechnikov Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, said a study of post-vaccination side effects showed the preparation was well tolerated, safe, and did not produce any serious negative effects.
    
    Vaccine developers now have to conduct augmented tests and to officially register the new medication.
    
    Several hundred million rubles have already been spent on this high-priority medical project. This is seen as the only course of action since a possible bird flu pandemic is likely to kill an estimated one-third of the world's population.
    
    Due to efforts by the WHO and numerous national medical and sanitary services, including Russian agencies, no new bird flu outbreaks have been registered to date. But this does not mean that the disease has been eradicated.
    
    Russian authorities have not yet registered any bird flu cases, but this ominous virus killed six people in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, this April.
    
    Wavering global interest in bird flu is directly linked with the manifestations of this disease. A series of bird flu outbreaks, which began in 1997 and lasted until 2006, convinced everyone that the virus was a threat to humans and could cause serious complications and even death.
    
    A major outbreak terrified mankind in December 2003 and fanned rumors of a possible epidemic and even a global pandemic. Many countries, including Russia, rushed to develop prototype bird flu preparations capable of dealing with this new menace.
    
    Of the 15 known bird flu virus strains, H5N1 is the most active and dangerous one. The World Health Organization is worried that there may not be sufficient quantities of the vaccine for everyone if a pandemic breaks out.
    
    At present 360 million flu vaccines are produced annually. What makes the situation grave is that the whole of mankind, or over six billion people, would have to be vaccinated under the worst scenario.
    
    Marie-Paule Kieny, director of the WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research, told journalists she was satisfied with the completion of initial clinical vaccine tests in Russia, a well-known and generally recognized producer of such preparations. She stressed the latest Russian achievements were encouraging, and the WHO will look forward to augmented clinical tests and final results.
    
    Many scientists believe that the H5N1 virus cannot cause a major epidemic in the near future. "I see no reason to agree with assertions that bird flu will wipe out mankind," said Vladimir Ivanitsky, PhD, a lecturer at Moscow State University. He said the bird flu virus had been known for a long time, birds had always contracted this disease, which sometimes affected humans. "Nothing has changed in the nature of the virus and birds," he said.
    
    Globalization and enhanced medical control make it possible to more effectively diagnose and treat various diseases than before. Mankind is now better prepared to deal with a possible bird flu epidemic.
    
    Vitaly Zverev said migrating birds would once again spread the active H5N1 virus all over the world the following spring.
    
    Scientists believe the extremely mutagenous bird flu virus is bound to change within the next few years, and new viruses are a major threat.
    
    The new Mikrogen vaccine is vital because its initial strain can be modified and used against a new strain, say, of the H7N2 virus.
    
    Experts said it would take Russia seven to eight weeks to obtain the first several million vaccines after singling out the initial strain. In short, this country will receive enough anti-flu vaccines in 45 to 60 days.
    
    
12. [verwijderd] 24 oktober 2006 15:09

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13. [verwijderd] 25 oktober 2006 09:57

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    Nu eens in het Nederlands, van nieuw Griep Blog:
    
    Ook de afweer doet mee
    
    Het vogelgriepvirus H5N1 is zo dodelijk voor mensen omdat het zich sneller vermenigvuldigt dan de ‘gewone’ humane influenzavirussen. Bovendien roepen de grote hoeveelheden virusdeeltjes zo’n heftige afweerreactie op, dat het lichaam ook daar onder lijdt. Deze bevindingen werden onlangs in Nature Medicine wereldkundig gemaakt.
    
    Menno de Jong
    
    Zoals dat wel vaker gaat bij onderzoekers, kwam H5N1 toevallig op zijn weg. Voormalig AMC’er Menno de Jong trok drie jaar geleden naar Ho Chi Minh Stad in Vietnam, waar hij voor de Oxford University Clinical Research Unit een laboratorium op poten zette voor virologische diagnostiek en onderzoek. Met de komst van de Jong werden virologische studies gestart waarvoor ook met het AMC wordt samengewerkt. De belangstelling ging uit naar virale encefalitis, knokkelkoorts en HIV, maar onverwachts kwam daar een nieuwe speler bij.
    
    ‘In januari 2004 kregen onze buren, het Ziekenhuis voor Tropische Ziekten, de allereerste H5N1-verdachte patiënt binnen. Omdat wij voor hen de diagnostiek deden, werden wij vanaf het begin bij de zaak betrokken’, vertelt De Jong. Al snel werd duidelijk dat er een vogelgriepvirus van dier naar mens was overgegaan. En dat leidt tot ernstige ziekteverschijnselen: de patiënt krijgt een zware longontsteking en uiteindelijk stoppen meerdere organen ermee.
    
    Killercellen
    
    De Jong en zijn collega’s verzamelden klinische monsters van achttien patiënten die zich in 2004 en 2005 met vogelgriep in Ho Chi Minh Stad meldden. Dertien van hen waren aan de infectie bezweken. De onderzoekers wisten te bevestigen wat dierstudies en in vitro proeven hen al verteld hadden: de hoge snelheid waarmee het virus zichzelf in het hele lichaam vermenigvuldigt, geeft de vogelgriep zijn dodelijke karakter.
    
    ‘En dat niet alleen’, vertelt De Jong. ‘Het virus zelf doet al een hoop schade, maar op een gegeven moment gaat het immuunsysteem ook meedoen. In de eerste verdedigingslijn van het lichaam worden cytokines aangemaakt die allerlei afweerprocessen in gang zetten om ongewenste indringers te bestrijden.
    
    In hoge concentraties kunnen cytokines echter ook schadelijke effecten hebben. Omdat er zo veel virusdeeltjes in het lichaam rondzwerven, worden er eveneens hoge concentraties cytokines geproduceerd die indirect de longen en andere organen kunnen beschadigen.’
    
    Tamiflu
    
    In hun publicatie stellen de onderzoekers daarom dat artsen zo snel mogelijk een behandeling moeten starten met middelen die de virusvermenigvuldiging remmen, zoals oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Wacht je te lang, dan is de schadelijke afweerreactie al op gang gekomen, en is er weinig meer aan te doen. Maar hoe realistisch is zo’n snelle aanpak in een land als Vietnam?
    
    De Jong: ‘In deze contreien is dat een uitdaging. Het merendeel van onze H5N1-patiënten woonde in afgelegen dorpen in de Mekong-delta, waar ze via hun pluimvee besmet raakten, en kwam pas een week nadat ze ziek waren geworden via lokale en streekziekenhuizen in Ho Chi Minh Stad terecht.’
    
    ‘Er wordt nu druk gewerkt aan de ontwikkeling van een snelle en makkelijke test om de ziekte vast te stellen en aan de bouw van lokale laboratoria die diagnostiek kunnen uitvoeren.’ Daarnaast, vervolgt De Jong, moet er naar behandelingen worden gezocht die de sterke afweerreactie temperen. Gemakkelijk zal dat niet zijn, want je wilt niet het hele immuunsysteem stilleggen.
    
    Bron: AMC Magazine
    
    griep.blog.nl/h5n1/2006/10/24/ook_de_...
    
    
14. [verwijderd] 25 oktober 2006 09:59

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    Actuele H5N1 ontwikkelingen via een Nederlandse Blogger (Christian):
    
    fijnefeitjes.web-log.nl/
    
    
15. [verwijderd] 25 oktober 2006 19:14

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    Bird Flu May Return to Europe in Coming Weeks, UN Agency Says
    
    By Jason Gale
    
    Oct. 25 (Bloomberg) -- Bird flu may return to Europe in the coming weeks, spread by wild ducks, swans and geese carrying the lethal virus south from their Arctic mating grounds.
    
    Twenty-six European nations reported initial infections of the H5N1 avian influenza strain in poultry or wild birds in late 2005 and early 2006 after a severe winter in Russia and the Caucasus area pushed migratory birds south and westward. The Food and Agriculture Organization said a resurgence of H5N1 in China and Russia indicates the pattern may be repeated.
    
    ``It is possible that a similar situation could occur in the approaching weeks with the migratory movement of wild birds from their northern breeding grounds,'' the United Nations agency said in the October edition of a newsletter published on its Web site. ``Eastern Europe and Caucasus region is at particularly high risk'' because of the higher density of backyard poultry there.
    
    Diseased birds increase the opportunities for human infection and provide chances for H5N1 to change into a form more dangerous to people. The virus is reported to have killed a person every four days this year, more than double the 2005 rate. Millions could die if H5N1 becomes easily transmissible between people, sparking a lethal pandemic.
    
    The H5N1 virus is known to have infected 256 people in 10 countries in the past three years, killing 151 of them, the World Health Organization said on Oct. 16. Half the countries that have reported cases -- Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Egypt and Djibouti -- are outside East Asia.
    
    China, Russia
    
    Outbreaks in the Middle East and Europe have been linked with a variant of the H5N1 virus found at China's Qinghai Lake, where more than 6,000 wild birds died in April 2005. Infected birds were found at the nature reserve again this year, as well as in the Novosibirsk-Omsk area of Russia.
    
    Central and Eastern Europe are crisscrossed by overlapping migration flyways, and their wetlands, rivers and shorelines provide sanctuary for wild fowl which can come into direct contact with backyard poultry, the Rome-based agency said.
    
    Improved control measures on poultry farms in Russia and early warning systems there have helped stem the spread of H5N1, the FAO said. These measures could reduce the risk that avian flu will be reintroduced to Central and Western Europe, it said.
    
    ``Should there be outbreaks in Central and Eastern Europe, these are likely to occur later in the year than they did in 2005,'' the agency said.
    
    A severe pandemic similar to the one that killed 50 million people in 1918 may cause global economic losses of as much as $2 trillion, the World Bank said last month. Poultry farmers in infected countries have already suffered because of outbreaks. The Washington-based bank in January estimated the cost at $10 billion in Asia alone.
    
    `Serious Jeopardy'
    
    Unless the virus is controlled and eradicated, the livelihoods of people raising free-range poultry flocks as a source of income and food ``will be in serious jeopardy,'' the FAO said in its Emergency Preparation Systems newsletter. ``The virus will pose a constant threat to human beings and cause serious economic losses to the poultry sector and to avian wildlife-generated tourism.''
    
    Studies of migratory waterfowl in Asia and Europe suggest these birds may play a role in introducing avian flu, although legal or illegal trade of birds and poultry may contribute more to the disease's spread within and across regions, the FAO said.
    
    Ducks, swans and geese harbor the highest diversity and prevalence of avian influenza viruses, and past outbreaks of highly pathogenic strains in poultry have been traced to strains originating in ducks.
    
    To contact the reporter on this story: Jason Gale in Singapore at j.gale@bloomberg.net
    
    Last Updated: October 25, 2006 03:45 EDT
    Bird Flu May Return to Europe in Coming Weeks, UN Agency Says -
16. gogogoo 26 oktober 2006 22:04

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    New Study Has Important Implications for Influenza Surveillance, Vaccine Formulation
    Research Provides New Insights into Evolution of Flu Virus
    
    Researchers are reporting results of a study that substantially alters the existing understanding of how the influenza virus evolves and that could have important implications for monitoring changes to the virus and predicting which strains should be used for flu vaccine. The study, which will be published in the online journal Biology Direct [http://www.biology-direct.com/] Oct. 26, 2006, was conducted by researchers from the National Library of Medicine’s National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/] and Fogarty International Center [http://www.fic.nih.gov/], both part of the National Institutes of Health.
    
    In an effort to better understand how seasonal influenza evolves into new strains, the researchers analyzed the genomic sequences of a large and representative collection of the two most common flu strains (called H3N2 and H1N1) from the 1995-2005 flu seasons in New York state and New Zealand. The sequence data was obtained from the Influenza Genome Sequencing Project [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/FLU.html], which recently generated over 1,000 fully sequenced influenza genomes from clinical isolates; the project is funded and managed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/].
    
    The analysis revealed a picture of flu evolution that was surprisingly different from the prevailing conception of how the virus changes. Evolution of influenza A virus is commonly viewed as a typical Darwinian process. In this mode of evolution, the virus’ main surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), is thought to continually change to evade human immune response, resulting in new dominant strains that eliminate all competitors in a series of rapid successions. Unexpectedly, however, the study found that the periods of intense Darwinian selection accounted for only a relatively small portion of H3N2 flu evolution during the ten-year period examined.
    
    The study found that much of the time the H3N2 virus seemed to be “in stasis”; that is, the HA gene showed no significant excess of mutations in the antigenic regions (those recognized by the immune system). During these stasis periods, none of the co-circulating strains is significantly more fit than others, apparently because multiple mutations are required to substantially improve the virus’ ability to evade the immune system. As a result, an increased variety of strains accumulates. Ultimately, however, one of the variants will come within one mutation of achieving higher fitness and becoming dominant. Once the crucial last mutation does occur, virus evolution shifts from stasis to a brief interval of rapid Darwinian evolution, where the new dominant virus rapidly sweeps through the human population and eliminates most other variants.
    
    Based on their results, the researchers conclude that “the common view of the evolution of influenza virus as a rapid, positive selection-driven process is, at best, incomplete.” Because the periods of stasis allow the proliferation of many small groups of related viruses, any of which could become the next dominant virus strain, the authors suggest that sequencing much larger numbers of representative isolates could be helpful in augmenting current surveillance methods.
    
    The study, titled “Long Intervals of Stasis Punctuated by Bursts of Positive Selection in the Seasonal Evolution of Influenza A Virus,” is authored by Yuri Wolf, PhD, NCBI; Cecile Viboud, PhD, Fogarty International Center; Edward Holmes, PhD, Fogarty International Center and Pennsylvania State University; Eugene Koonin, PhD, NCBI; and David Lipman, MD, NCBI.
    
    Established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information, NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information – all for the better understanding of processes affecting human health and disease. NCBI is a division of the National Library of Medicine [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/] at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
    
    The National Institutes of Health (NIH) — The Nation's Medical Research Agency — includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.
    
    www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2006/nlm-25.htm
17. [verwijderd] 28 oktober 2006 11:11

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    Thailand mulls plan to set up bird flu vaccine factory
    BANGKOK, Oct 28 (TNA) - In a bid to keep Thailand well-prepared for possible recurrence of another outbreak of bird flu, Thailand will study the possibility to set up a factory to produce avian influenza or bird flu vaccine.
    
    Public Health Minister Dr. Mongkol Na Songkhla stressed that it was necessary for Thailand to set up a factory to manufacture the vaccine.
    
    He said a team of academics and experts will look into pros and cons of the plan. The results of the study will be submitted for the Cabinet's consideration before making a final decision.
    
    Dr. Mongkol said that he had assigned a team of experts in the public health ministry to collect updated information about the deadly air-borne communicable disease. After receiving all information available, he would hold a talk with the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives on the necessity of establishing a factory to produce vaccine to fight the bird flu in both humans and animals.
    
    Vaccine may be necessary, he explained, because the virus causing the disease can mutate rapidly. Budget might not be a problem because this project is involved with human life and safety, according to the minister, so it is likely the government would make it a priority.
    
    Official statistics show that three new cases of bird flu were reported this year and that all three victims succumbed to the contagious disease, bringing the death toll in the kingdom from the deadly virus to 17 since the bird outbreak began here in 2004. (TNA)
    
    
18. [verwijderd] 29 oktober 2006 21:11

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    28/10 Eerste succes met baanbrekend vogelgriepvaccin
    Het bedrijf Baxter International heeft met succes klinische tests afgerond met een kandidaatvaccin tegen het vogelgriepvirus.
    
    Bovendien wordt dit vaccin geproduceerd zonder dat daar bevruchte kippeneieren voor nodig zijn. Het bewuste vaccin werd geproduceerd met de eigen celtechnologie van Baxter, wat volgens specialisten een technologische revolutie betekent.
    
    Het klinisch onderzoek gebeurde bij 270 gezonde volwassenen. Hieruit bleek dat het vaccin de aanmaak van antistoffen stimuleerde waardoor vogelgriepvirussen, van uiteenlopende stammen, onschadelijk gemaakt werden. ”Dit betekent dat het kandidaatvaccin een brede bescherming kan bieden vóór en tijdens een grieppandemie”, aldus de woordvoerder van BaxterBioScience.
    
    Volgens professor Pierre Van Damme, vaccinoloog Universiteit Antwerpen, is een experimenteel vaccin tegen nieuwe griepstammen via kruisbescherming op zich niet nieuw. ”Ook andere firma’s zitten in zo’n onderzoeksfase. Bijzonder interessant is wel dat het omslachtige productiesysteem via bevruchte eieren niet meer nodig is."
    
    "Nadeel van deze productiemethode is dat kippen uiteraard vatbaar zijn voor vogelgriep. Productie op basis van celkweek betekent dat we onafhankelijk worden van pluimvee-grondstoffen en dat de productiecapaciteit en -snelheid flink opgedreven kunnen worden, indien nodig.”
    
    Voor het aanstaande griepseizoen is het nieuwe vaccin alleszins nog niet beschikbaar. ”Het feit dat het Baxter-vaccin in testfase 3 zit, betekent wel dat het al ver staat inzake ontwikkeling”, denkt professor Van Damme.
    
    ”Ingeval van een pandemie laat de Europese regelgeving trouwens toe dat men met vaccins kan werken die nog niet volledig zijn goedgekeurd. In dat geval kunnen de firma’s niet aansprakelijk worden gesteld. Dan moet de afweging worden gemaakt.”
    
19. [verwijderd] 29 oktober 2006 21:28

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    Tamiflu helped avert outbreak of bird flu
    Kounteya Sinha
    [ 29 Oct, 2006 2344hrs ISTTIMES NEWS NETWORK ]
    
    NEW DELHI: The deadly H5N1 bird flu virus that hit India in February 2006 was sensitive to Tamiflu, the drug which many governments including India used to ward off a deadly bird flu pandemic.
    
    Genetic and DNA sequencing of the virus collected from Jalgaon and Navapur by scientists from Bhopal's High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, has revealed that the virus contained several types of amino acids - glutamic acid, asparigine, histidine and arvinone - that made it sensitive to Tamiflu.
    
    This, scientists say, helped India avert a possible transmission of the deadly H5N1 virus from birds to humans.
    
    Scientists B Patnaik and C Tosh, who have completed sequencing the genes HA1 and HA2 of the virus and studying the 10 proteins, specially HA and NA present in the virus, told TOI that "timely administering of Tamiflu to those who were quarantined on suspicions of having been in contact with H5N1 virus infected birds, helped us avert the transmission of the virus to humans.
    
    DNA analysis of the virus has shown it to be highly sensitive to Tamiflu". According to lab chief H K Pradhan, some countries including Vietnam have reported that the virus circulating there is resistant to Tamiflu making its containment even more difficult
20. [verwijderd] 29 oktober 2006 21:29

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    Vervolg:
    Our DNA tests, conducted of the HA, NA, NS1 and PV2 proteins, showed the virus that hit India was capable of infecting mammals, including humans. Therefore, a Tamiflu resistant virus would have resulted in people being infected by the bird flu virus easily, ultimately resulting in their mortality."
    
    The scientists have made another interesting discovery. They say the virus that hit India, specially the one that was isolated from the outbreak in Navapur, had mutated and undergone a re-assortment in Turkey.
    
    This means that the virus, which had originated in Qinghai (central China), was carried to Turkey by migratory birds. Here, the virus mutated and mixed with the Vietnamese strain. The mixed strain was then brought to India by migratory birds. This phenomenon of being hit by a re-assorted virus has not been reported from any other country over the past four years.
    
    "The influenza virus mutates quickly. So did the H5N1 virus that came to India. Turkey is one of the few countries where both the Chinese and Vietnamese strain have been found.
    
    "The virus that was found in Navapur was a mixed strain. That's why we believe the mixing happened in Turkey. While the NA was the Vietnamese type, the HA was Chinese," Pradhan added.
    
21. gogogoo 29 oktober 2006 22:08

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    quote:

    mmai schreef:

    28/10 Eerste succes met baanbrekend vogelgriepvaccin
    Het bedrijf Baxter International heeft met succes klinische tests afgerond met een kandidaatvaccin tegen het vogelgriepvirus.
    
    Bovendien wordt dit vaccin geproduceerd zonder dat daar bevruchte kippeneieren voor nodig zijn. Het bewuste vaccin werd geproduceerd met de eigen celtechnologie van Baxter, wat volgens specialisten een technologische revolutie betekent.
    
    Het klinisch onderzoek gebeurde bij 270 gezonde volwassenen. Hieruit bleek dat het vaccin de aanmaak van antistoffen stimuleerde waardoor vogelgriepvirussen, van uiteenlopende stammen, onschadelijk gemaakt werden. ”Dit betekent dat het kandidaatvaccin een brede bescherming kan bieden vóór en tijdens een grieppandemie”, aldus de woordvoerder van BaxterBioScience.
    
    Volgens professor Pierre Van Damme, vaccinoloog Universiteit Antwerpen, is een experimenteel vaccin tegen nieuwe griepstammen via kruisbescherming op zich niet nieuw. ”Ook andere firma’s zitten in zo’n onderzoeksfase. Bijzonder interessant is wel dat het omslachtige productiesysteem via bevruchte eieren niet meer nodig is."
    
    "Nadeel van deze productiemethode is dat kippen uiteraard vatbaar zijn voor vogelgriep. Productie op basis van celkweek betekent dat we onafhankelijk worden van pluimvee-grondstoffen en dat de productiecapaciteit en -snelheid flink opgedreven kunnen worden, indien nodig.”
    
    Voor het aanstaande griepseizoen is het nieuwe vaccin alleszins nog niet beschikbaar. ”Het feit dat het Baxter-vaccin in testfase 3 zit, betekent wel dat het al ver staat inzake ontwikkeling”, denkt professor Van Damme.
    
    ”Ingeval van een pandemie laat de Europese regelgeving trouwens toe dat men met vaccins kan werken die nog niet volledig zijn goedgekeurd. In dat geval kunnen de firma’s niet aansprakelijk worden gesteld. Dan moet de afweging worden gemaakt.”
    
    

    -->De cell technology van Baxter is "Vero cell technology":
    
    Baxter’s aim is to produce its new viral vaccines from continuous cell lines. These have a number of advantages, such as excellent growth characteristics, simple media requirements and product consistency. Furthermore, vaccines produced with this method are free from egg protein, contain no thiomersal and also no antibiotic additives.
    The safety of Vero cells for the production of biologicals has been demonstrated for about 20 years by administering more than 100 million doses of polio vaccine worldwide in more than 60 countries. The Vero cell line technology is an ideal platform for the production of a variety of different viruses such as those of Influenza, Vaccinia, West Nile (WN), and SARS coronavirus.
    www.baxtervaccines.com/?node_id=364
    
    -->Het is geen menselijke cel-lijn zoals PER.C6:
    Vero cells initiated from the African green monkey. Baxter's proprietary technology allows the company to exclude any added proteins or raw materials derived from human or animal sources in the manufacture, purification, and formulation of its vaccines.
    www.dddmag.com/ShowPR.aspx?PUBCODE=01...
    
    Wie kan er meer zeggen over de verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen de Vero cell technology t.o.v. de PER.C6 technology?